Thematic Session 4: Freight Modal Shift - Transitioning Freight from Road to Rail
Rational for discussion on this theme
The need to prioritise freight modal shift stems from the increasing pressure placed on the road network by heavy freight vehicles, which contribute significantly to road deterioration, congestion and elevated maintenance costs. The current imbalance between road and rail freight transport has resulted in inefficiencies across the logistics system, with road infrastructure bearing a disproportionate share of freight demand. This not only undermines the sustainability of the road network but also constrains the overall efficiency and competitiveness of supply chains. A strategic shift towards rail, where feasible, offers an opportunity to rebalance the freight system and reduce long-term infrastructure strain.
In addition to preserving road assets, transitioning freight to rail has broader economic and environmental benefits. Rail transport is generally more cost-effective and energy-efficient for bulk and long-distance freight, making it a critical component of a sustainable logistics system. Enabling this shift requires coordinated action to address infrastructure gaps, improve rail reliability, and strengthen integration between road, rail and port systems. By enhancing intermodal connectivity and creating enabling conditions for rail utilisation, the province can improve logistics performance, reduce transport costs, and support export competitiveness, while also contributing to environmental sustainability.
Objectives
- Increase the share of freight transported by rail to reduce road congestion, costs, and emissions.
- Enhance rail infrastructure capacity, reliability, and competitiveness.
- Improve intermodal integration between rail, road, and ports.
- Introduce policy incentives and regulatory reforms to encourage modal shift.
- Reduce road maintenance costs and improve road safety by decreasing heavy vehicle traffic.
Questions to be answered
- How can climate resilience and sustainability be integrated into infrastructure across all modes?
- What policy, funding and institutional mechanisms are required to accelerate low-carbon transport adoption?
- How can readiness for climate risks be strengthened while reducing lifecycle costs and disruptions?
Questions to consider
Short-Term
- Which freight routes and commodities can shift immediately?
- What quick improvements (rail siding access, enforcement of overload control) can be implemented?
- What agreements with Transnet/logistics operators can be initiated?
Medium-Term
- What intermodal terminals and logistics hubs must be developed?
- What incentives (pricing, regulation) will shift industry behaviour?
- How will rail capacity constraints be addressed?
Long-Term
- What is the target modal split (road vs rail)?
- How will the freight system become fully integrated and optimised?
- What institutional reforms are needed for a competitive rail freight market?